Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Experiments: Liver, Kidney, Lipid Profile, Cardiac Biomarkers, Electrolytes, and Hormonal Assays
Updated: Aug 30
| Cerebral Link | Publish by Cerebral Publication Private Limited | 2026 | Volume 3 | Page 154-176 |ISBN: 978-81-689463-5-4 | Book Title: - Textbook of Practical Biochemistry | Chapter-11: Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Experiments: Liver, Kidney, Lipid Profile, Cardiac Biomarkers, Electrolytes, and Hormonal Assays
Abstract
Clinical biochemistry laboratory investigations play a central role in the diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and therapeutic management of a wide range of human diseases. Practical understanding of biochemical assays enables students and laboratory professionals to integrate analytical principles with the clinical interpretation of laboratory results. This chapter presents the fundamental principles, experimental procedures, quality-control requirements, and clinical significance of commonly performed biochemical investigations related to hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, metabolic, electrolyte, and endocrine functions.
Liver function assessment is discussed through measurements of bilirubin, total protein, albumin, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and other relevant biochemical markers. Renal function testing includes the estimation of serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and related parameters used to evaluate kidney function. Lipid-profile analysis covers total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and their relevance to cardiovascular risk assessment. The chapter also introduces important cardiac biomarkers, including cardiac troponins, creatine kinase-MB, and natriuretic peptides, emphasizing their diagnostic applications in myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction.
The principles and laboratory measurement of major electrolytes, particularly sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium, are described in relation to fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base homeostasis. Hormonal assays are introduced through commonly measured thyroid, reproductive, adrenal, pancreatic, and pituitary hormones, with emphasis on immunoassay-based analytical methods. Practical considerations involving specimen selection, sample preparation, calibration, reference intervals, internal quality control, analytical interference, and interpretation of abnormal findings are emphasized throughout. By integrating laboratory methodology with clinical relevance, this chapter provides a practical foundation for accurate biochemical testing and evidence-based interpretation of laboratory results in contemporary clinical practice.
Keywords: Clinical Biochemistry, Liver Function Tests, Kidney Function Tests, Lipid Profile, Cardiac Biomarkers, Electrolytes, Hormonal Assays, Laboratory Diagnosis, Quality Control
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